{"id":14188,"date":"2026-11-11T03:31:33","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T03:31:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/?p=14188"},"modified":"2026-11-12T14:18:17","modified_gmt":"2026-11-12T14:18:17","slug":"the-broken-battle-formation-by-xin-qiji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/zh_hk\/the-broken-battle-formation-by-xin-qiji\/","title":{"rendered":"The Broken Battle Formation by Xin Qiji: Text and Meaning"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"tcjdi-quick-answer\"><h2>Quick Answer: What Is The Broken Battle Formation About?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The Broken Battle Formation (\u7834\u9635\u5b50, P\u00f2 Zh\u00e8n Z\u01d0) is the tune of a ci (\u8bcd, c\u00ed) lyric by Xin Qiji (\u8f9b\u5f03\u75be, X\u012bn Q\u00ecj\u00ed) for Chen Tongfu (\u9648\u540c\u752b, Ch\u00e9n T\u00f3ngf\u01d4). An aging speaker pictures a military campaign with the vividness of a dream.<sup>[1][2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Setting:<\/strong> A lamp and sword give way to horns, camp music and an autumn muster.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ambition:<\/strong> The speaker sees himself settling the sovereign\u2019s affairs and earning lasting renown.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ending:<\/strong> One line about white hair brings the vision up against the speaker\u2019s age.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">The lyric names its recipient, but it leaves the battle unnamed.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p><\/section>\n<figure class=\"tcjdi-infographic\" style=\"width:500px;max-width:100%;margin:24px auto;text-align:center\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/The-Broken-Battle-Formation-infographic-on-the-campaign-and-white-hair.webp\" alt=\"The Broken Battle Formation infographic on the campaign and white hair\" title=\"The Broken Battle Formation infographic on the campaign and white hair\" width=\"1440\" height=\"2560\" style=\"width:500px;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:0 auto\" \/><figcaption>The Broken Battle Formation infographic on the campaign and white hair<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">A sword catches the light of a lamp. A few phrases later, horses are flying and bows crack like thunder. The quiet beginning and noisy middle make the final five characters hit with unusual force. They measure the distance between the campaign the speaker can still picture and the time he has left to fight it.<\/p>\n<h2>The Complete Lyric in Chinese, Pinyin and English<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The lyric has two stanzas of five lines, with the same 6, 6, 7, 7 and 5 character pattern in each. The dedication describes it as a stirring lyric sent to Chen Tongfu. The English below follows the Chinese line divisions.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;max-height:800px\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Chinese<\/th><th>Pinyin<\/th><th>English sense<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u9189\u91cc\u6311\u706f\u770b\u5251<\/td><td>Zu\u00ec l\u01d0 ti\u01ceo d\u0113ng k\u00e0n ji\u00e0n<\/td><td>Drunk, I raise the wick to look at my sword.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u68a6\u56de\u5439\u89d2\u8fde\u8425<\/td><td>M\u00e8ng hu\u00ed chu\u012b ji\u01ceo li\u00e1n y\u00edng<\/td><td>In dream I return to horns sounding camp to camp.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u516b\u767e\u91cc\u5206\u9ebe\u4e0b\u7099<\/td><td>B\u0101b\u01ceil\u01d0 f\u0113n hu\u012bxi\u00e0 zh\u00ec<\/td><td>Roast beef is shared among the troops beneath the banner.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4e94\u5341\u5f26\u7ffb\u585e\u5916\u58f0<\/td><td>W\u01d4sh\u00ed xi\u00e1n f\u0101n s\u00e0iw\u00e0i sh\u0113ng<\/td><td>Fifty strings sound out tunes from beyond the frontier.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c99\u573a\u79cb\u70b9\u5175<\/td><td>Sh\u0101ch\u01ceng qi\u016b di\u01cen b\u012bng<\/td><td>On the field in autumn, the troops muster.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u9a6c\u4f5c\u7684\u5362\u98de\u5feb<\/td><td>M\u01ce zu\u00f2 D\u00ecl\u00fa f\u0113iku\u00e0i<\/td><td>The horses fly as swiftly as Dilu (\u7684\u5362, D\u00ecl\u00fa).<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5f13\u5982\u9739\u96f3\u5f26\u60ca<\/td><td>G\u014dng r\u00fa p\u012bl\u00ec xi\u00e1n j\u012bng<\/td><td>The bowstrings crack like thunder.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u4e86\u5374\u541b\u738b\u5929\u4e0b\u4e8b<\/td><td>Li\u01ceoqu\u00e8 j\u016bnw\u00e1ng ti\u0101nxi\u00e0 sh\u00ec<\/td><td>To settle the affairs of the realm for my lord.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u8d62\u5f97\u751f\u524d\u8eab\u540e\u540d<\/td><td>Y\u00edngd\u00e9 sh\u0113ngqi\u00e1n sh\u0113nh\u00f2u m\u00edng<\/td><td>To win a name in life and after death.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u53ef\u601c\u767d\u53d1\u751f<\/td><td>K\u011bli\u00e1n b\u00e1if\u00e0 sh\u0113ng<\/td><td>Alas, white hair is growing.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>From the Lamp to the Muster<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The first line narrows the reader\u2019s view to a wick and a sword. The next carries sound across a line of camps. The troops share food, musicians play and the men assemble for inspection. The camp takes shape through things people do together. The poem moves into that world without a narrative explanation of how the speaker got there.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The phrase \u68a6\u56de can be heard as a return in dream or as a return from dream. The sense translation takes the former, which makes the camps part of the vision. The passage can also be read as dream and waking bleeding into one another. Either way, the last line breaks the military sequence more decisively than the opening marks any boundary.<sup>[1][2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>The Ox, the Strings and the Horse<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">Three short references keep the pace quick while giving the scene texture.<sup>[1][2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Eight Hundred Li:<\/strong> The phrase \u516b\u767e\u91cc (b\u0101b\u01ceil\u01d0) evokes the name of an ox in an older anecdote. Here it helps put roast beef before the troops. The number gives neither the camp\u2019s length nor the distance covered.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fifty strings:<\/strong> The strings stand for music in the camp, with a frontier sound. The phrase also appears in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/the-brocade-zither\/\">The Brocade Zither<\/a>, where strings set off a chain of memories. Here the music belongs to a company of soldiers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dilu:<\/strong> The name recalls the swift mount associated with Liu Bei. The poem makes that horse a measure of speed for the charge, then gives the bows their own sudden noise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Why the Last Line Is About White Hair<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The pair \u201cin life\u201d and \u201cafter death\u201d gives the imagined success a long future. A soldier could finish the sovereign\u2019s work and earn a name that lasts beyond his body. The closing line takes away that scale. Instead of imagining what people will say after his death, the speaker has to look at what age is doing now.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The change is also a matter of form. The two seven-character lines give room to name the ambition and its reward. The five-character ending has room for one visible detail. White hair does the work that a longer explanation of frustration would have done, and it makes the realization arrive all at once. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/ugly-slave-by-xin-qiji\/\">Ugly Slave by Xin Qiji<\/a>, a different short ending also changes how the reader hears the speaker\u2019s account of age.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">For another Southern Song poem that looks back to a figure of military resolve, read Li Qingzhao\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/summer-quatrain-by-li-qingzhao\/\">Summer Quatrain<\/a>. Its allusion asks what courage looks like after defeat.<\/p>\n<h2>Who Was Chen Tongfu?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">Tongfu was the courtesy name of Chen Liang (\u9648\u4eae, Ch\u00e9n Li\u00e0ng), a Southern Song thinker and fellow writer. He and Xin both belong to a literary and political setting shaped by the loss of the north to the Jurchen Jin. Xin had direct military experience in that struggle, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/southern-song-retreat\/\">Southern Song retreat<\/a> gives a reader the wider background for his lyric\u2019s ambitions.<sup>[2][3][4]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The dedication makes the speaker\u2019s frustration something addressed to a person who could recognize the stakes. It gives a specific recipient to a lyric whose battlefield remains unnamed. The wider writing of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/xin-qiji\/\">Xin Qiji<\/a> ranges beyond the military subjects for which this lyric is known.<sup>[1][3]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>FAQs About The Broken Battle Formation<\/h2>\n<h3>Is The Broken Battle Formation the name of the poem or the tune?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">It translates the tune title Po Zhen Zi. The dedication to Chen Tongfu identifies this particular lyric among several written to that pattern.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h3>Does the lyric describe a recorded battle?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">It names no battlefield, opponent or date. Xin\u2019s military experience helps explain the setting, while the dream frame and the last line make the lyric a reflection on an ambition.<sup>[1][3]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>Sources<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">[1] Xin Qiji. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikisource.org\/zh-hans\/%E7%A0%B4%E9%99%A3%E5%AD%90_%28%E8%BE%9B%E6%A3%84%E7%96%BE%29\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lyrics to the Tune Po Zhen Zi<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[2] Higher Education Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/oss0.changxianggu.com\/book\/chapter\/269_9787040631616.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Po Zhen Zi: A Stirring Lyric Sent to Chen Tongfu<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[3] Renditions, Chinese University of Hong Kong. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cuhk.edu.hk\/renditions\/authors\/xinqiji.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Xin Qiji<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[4] Key Concepts in Chinese Thought and Culture. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinesethought.cn\/EN\/shuyu_show.aspx?shuyu_id=3970\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bold and Unconstrained<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read Xin Qiji\u2019s battle lyric in Chinese, pinyin and English, and see how the sword, the war horse and the final line about white hair shape its meaning.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14189,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[452,453,430],"class_list":["post-14188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-literature-stories","tag-chinese-poetry","tag-hub-chinese-poetry","tag-literary-traditions"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read Xin Qiji\u2019s battle lyric in Chinese, pinyin and English, and see how the sword, the war horse and the final line about white hair shape its 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