{"id":12252,"date":"2026-11-08T02:50:54","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T02:50:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/?p=12252"},"modified":"2026-11-08T02:50:54","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T02:50:54","slug":"spring-south-of-the-yangtze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/zh_hk\/spring-south-of-the-yangtze\/","title":{"rendered":"Spring South of the Yangtze: Du Mu\u2019s Poem and Meaning"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"tcjdi-quick-answer\"><h2>Quick Answer: What Is Spring South of the Yangtze?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">Spring South of the Yangtze\uff08\u6c5f\u5357\u6625\uff0cji\u0101ngn\u00e1n ch\u016bn\uff09is a poem by Du Mu\uff08\u675c\u7267\uff0cd\u00f9 m\u00f9; 803\u2013852\uff09, a Tang poet.<sup>[3][4]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Setting:<\/strong> Jiangnan\uff08\u6c5f\u5357\uff0cji\u0101ngn\u00e1n\uff09, here the region south of the lower Yangtze.<sup>[3]<\/sup> <\/li>\n<li><strong>Form:<\/strong> A seven-character jueju\uff08\u7edd\u53e5\uff0cju\u00e9j\u00f9\uff09, or quatrain: four lines of seven Chinese characters.<sup>[1][3]<\/sup> <\/li>\n<li><strong>Movement:<\/strong> Birdsong and vivid colour lead toward old temple buildings in misty rain.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">It presents a regional panorama; its large numbers should not be read as a measured viewpoint or an exact temple census.<sup>[2]<\/sup> <\/p><\/section>\n<figure class=\"tcjdi-infographic\" style=\"width:500px;max-width:100%;margin:24px auto;text-align:center\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Spring-South-of-the-Yangtze-reading-guide.webp\" alt=\"Spring South of the Yangtze reading guide\" title=\"Spring South of the Yangtze reading guide\" width=\"1440\" height=\"2560\" style=\"width:500px;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:0 auto\" \/><figcaption>Six reading prompts follow the poem from birdsong to mist and history<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">Twenty-eight Chinese characters hold a wide scene: birds, blossom, villages, taverns and temples. The reading below follows its images before considering the historical reference in its closing pair.<\/p>\n<h2>The Poem: Chinese, Pinyin and an English Rendering<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The text below uses simplified characters. This English rendering follows the Chinese images without attempting to reproduce its rhyme. The third line names the Southern Dynasties\uff08\u5357\u671d\uff0cn\u00e1nch\u00e1o\uff09.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;max-height:800px\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Chinese<\/th><th>Pinyin<\/th><th>English rendering<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u5343\u91cc\u83ba\u557c\u7eff\u6620\u7ea2\uff0c<\/td><td>qi\u0101n l\u01d0 y\u012bng t\u00ed l\u01dc y\u00ecng h\u00f3ng<\/td><td>A thousand li of oriole song, green leaves bright against red blossom;<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c34\u6751\u5c71\u90ed\u9152\u65d7\u98ce\u3002<\/td><td>shu\u01d0 c\u016bn sh\u0101n gu\u014d ji\u01d4 q\u00ed f\u0113ng<\/td><td>Waterside hamlets, hill-walled towns: tavern banners catch the wind.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5357\u671d\u56db\u767e\u516b\u5341\u5bfa\uff0c<\/td><td>n\u00e1n ch\u00e1o s\u00ec b\u01cei b\u0101 sh\u00ed s\u00ec<\/td><td>The Southern Dynasties&#8217; temples\u2014four hundred and eighty;<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u591a\u5c11\u697c\u53f0\u70df\u96e8\u4e2d\u3002<\/td><td>du\u014d sh\u01ceo l\u00f3u t\u00e1i y\u0101n y\u01d4 zh\u014dng<\/td><td>How many towers and terraces lie veiled in mist and rain?<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>How the Four Lines Build a Landscape<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">Oriole calls meet green and red: the opening joins hearing and vision. \u201cA thousand li\u201d opens a regional panorama.<sup>[1][2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The second line gathers human settlements into the landscape. Tavern flags advertise wine shops; their movement makes the wind visible.<sup>[1][2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The last pair shifts attention toward temple architecture. Earlier colours remain in the reader&#8217;s memory, but rain now softens outlines and distance. On this reading, the poem gains depth by changing visibility rather than describing every building in detail.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>The Southern Dynasties and the Temple Reference<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The Southern Dynasties (420\u2013589) preceded Du Mu&#8217;s Tang lifetime. These four regimes\u2014Song, Qi, Liang and Chen\u2014had their capital at Jiankang, today&#8217;s Nanjing. Earlier Buddhist temple building thus gives the scene historical depth. \u201cFour hundred and eighty\u201d emphasizes abundance, rather than supplying a verified inventory.<sup>[2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>Scenery, History and Possible Meanings<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">Read as scenery, the poem celebrates a region through concentrated sound, colour, settlement and weather. Read historically, the older temples introduce time into the view: buildings endure beyond the regimes associated with them. That can suggest reflection on change, but this is an interpretation, not a statement the poem explains outright.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Nor do these four lines alone establish an attack on Buddhism. Scholar Liu Yongxiang, discussing another Du Mu temple poem, points to his repeated attraction to Jiangnan rain imagery, including this poem. Its visual pleasure deserves attention alongside any historical interpretation.<sup>[5]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>How to Read the Poem Closely<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Hear and see:<\/strong> Read each line aloud, then separate the sounds, colours, places and moving objects.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Find the shift:<\/strong> Compare the opening red and green with the rain-veiled architecture at the end.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Test a reading:<\/strong> Decide which words support your interpretation of beauty or historical change, and which conclusions require outside evidence.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"p1\">For another example of landscape shaped by viewpoint, compare <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/huang-tingjian\/\">Huang Tingjian<\/a>\uff08\u9ec4\u5ead\u575a\uff0chu\u00e1ng t\u00edngji\u0101n\uff09and his river-and-moon scene in <em>Climbing Kuai Pavilion<\/em>.<\/p>\n<h2>FAQs About Spring South of the Yangtze<\/h2>\n<h3>Did Du Fu Write Spring South of the Yangtze?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">No. The author is Du Mu, not Du Fu\uff08\u675c\u752b\uff0cd\u00f9 f\u01d4\uff09. They are different Tang poets.<sup>[2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h3>Does the Poem Describe Exactly 480 Temples?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">No. It conveys a great many temples, not a historical census.<sup>[2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h3>Does the Mist Mean the Temples Are Burning?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">No. Here, \u201cmist and rain\u201d means hazy weather around the buildings.<sup>[1][2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>Sources<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">[1] Du Mu, Wikisource. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikisource.org\/wiki\/\u6c5f\u5357\u6625\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6c5f\u5357\u6625<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[2] Hong Kong Education Bureau. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edb.gov.hk\/attachment\/tc\/curriculum-development\/kla\/chi-edu\/resources\/primary\/lang\/jilei_shi_pdf\/jilei_shi_065.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6c5f\u5357\u6625: Text and Annotations<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[3] Shanghai International Services. <a href=\"https:\/\/english.shanghai.gov.cn\/en-LearnChinese\/20240807\/e6bac45607cd4f92b030c69176efccb0.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ancient Poem: Spring on the Southern River Shore<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[4] Chinese University of Hong Kong, Renditions. <a href=\"https:\/\/cuhk.edu.hk\/rct\/renditions\/authors\/dum.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Du Mu<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[5] Liu Yongxiang, East China Normal University. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecnu.edu.cn\/info\/1095\/1559.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u201c\u5e18\u5e55\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4e94\u6e56\u201d\uff1a\u8bfb\u675c\u7267\u300a\u9898\u5ba3\u5dde\u5f00\u5143\u5bfa\u6c34\u9601\u300b\u8bd7<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read Du Mu\u2019s Spring South of the Yangtze with Chinese text, pinyin and a fresh English rendering, plus its imagery, temple references and historical context.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12253,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[452,453,430],"class_list":["post-12252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-literature-stories","tag-chinese-poetry","tag-hub-chinese-poetry","tag-literary-traditions"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read Du Mu\u2019s Spring South of the Yangtze with Chinese text, pinyin and a fresh English rendering, plus its imagery, temple references and historical context.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Anthony\"\/>\n\t<meta name=\"yandex-verification\" content=\"a48113a626715129\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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