{"id":6554,"date":"2026-11-03T11:38:36","date_gmt":"2026-11-03T11:38:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/?p=6554"},"modified":"2026-11-03T11:38:38","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T11:38:38","slug":"%e5%85%ab%e4%bb%99%e9%81%8e%e6%b5%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/ja\/eight-immortals-crossing-sea\/","title":{"rendered":"\u516b\u4ed9\u904e\u6d77\uff1a\u7269\u8a9e\u3068\u610f\u5473"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"tcjdi-quick-answer\"><h2>Quick Answer: What Is the Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The Eight Immortals\uff08\u516b\u4ed9\uff0cB\u0101xi\u0101n\uff09are a celebrated group in Daoist and popular religious traditions. Their sea-crossing adventure, baxian guohai\uff08\u516b\u4ed9\u8fc7\u6d77\uff0cb\u0101xi\u0101n gu\u00f2 h\u01cei\uff09, turns their different abilities into a memorable shared spectacle.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Story:<\/strong> Each immortal finds a supernatural way across the water.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Characters:<\/strong> Eight distinct personalities are recognized through names, appearance and identifying objects.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Saying:<\/strong> The episode supplies an expression for people displaying their individual skills.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">There is no single universal inventory of crossing objects or sequence of events. The familiar art symbols, a particular literary version and the everyday saying each need their own explanation.<\/p><\/section>\n<figure class=\"tcjdi-infographic\" style=\"width:500px;max-width:100%;margin:24px auto;text-align:center\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Eight-Immortals-crossing-story-attributes-idiom-transmission-and-art-explained.webp\" alt=\"Eight Immortals crossing story attributes idiom transmission and art explained\" title=\"Eight Immortals crossing story attributes idiom transmission and art explained\" width=\"1440\" height=\"2560\" style=\"width:500px;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:0 auto\" \/><figcaption>Crossing objects, familiar art attributes and the everyday saying belong to related but distinct contexts.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">A crutch, a fan and a lotus can become impossible ways across the sea. The delight of the story is that nobody needs to travel like anyone else. Among <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/chinese-folk-tales\/\">Chinese folk tales<\/a>, this adventure is especially recognizable because its cast also appears on ceramics, carvings, textiles and the stage.<\/p>\n<h2>The Crossing and the Dragon King Conflict<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">In chapter 48 of the Dongyouji\uff08\u4e1c\u6e38\u8bb0\uff0cD\u014dngy\u00f3uj\u00ec\uff09, or Journey to the East, L\u00fc Dongbin\uff08\u5415\u6d1e\u5bbe\uff0cL\u01da D\u00f2ngb\u012bn\uff09suggests abandoning ordinary cloud travel: each companion should put an object on the water and demonstrate a different power. The chapter makes everyday-looking possessions into impossible supports for the crossing; its assignments should be read within that version. <sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The display attracts dangerous attention. A prince of the Dragon King covets the radiant object carrying Lan Caihe\uff08\u84dd\u91c7\u548c\uff0cL\u00e1n C\u01ceih\u00e9\uff09, takes it and imprisons its owner. When the others discover their companion is missing, L\u00fc demands his return. A confrontation involving magical fire leads the Dragon King to release Lan, although the disputed object remains behind and the conflict continues into later chapters.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">That is a particular literary sequence, not the only way to tell the adventure. Another cultural retelling begins with an invitation to admire peonies and has the Dragon King obstruct the immortals on their return. Short versions may concentrate entirely on the ingenious crossing, while longer ones develop rivalry, capture and retaliation. <sup>[2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The shared core is the ensemble\u2019s extraordinary movement across water. Whether the crossing becomes a cheerful display or the beginning of a prolonged quarrel depends on the telling.<\/p>\n<h2>Who Are the Eight Immortals?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The familiar group brings together different ages, appearances and social backgrounds. Their objects help viewers distinguish figures who might otherwise look like a gathering of robed travelers. These are common identifying attributes, rather than a rule that every object must be their vehicle in every sea-crossing story. <sup>[3]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;max-height:800px\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Immortal<\/th><th>Common identifying attribute<\/th><th>Useful visual clue<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Li Tieguai\uff08\u674e\u94c1\u62d0\uff0cL\u01d0 Ti\u011bgu\u01cei\uff09<\/td><td>Crutch and gourd<\/td><td>Often shown as a roughly dressed wandering figure<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Zhongli Quan\uff08\u949f\u79bb\u6743\uff0cZh\u014dngl\u00ed Qu\u00e1n\uff09, also Han Zhongli<\/td><td>Fan<\/td><td>A prominent fan often identifies him<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Zhang Guolao\uff08\u5f20\u679c\u8001\uff0cZh\u0101ng Gu\u01d2l\u01ceo\uff09<\/td><td>Tubular musical instrument, often called a fish drum<\/td><td>An elderly figure; donkey imagery also occurs in his stories<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>L\u00fc Dongbin<\/td><td>Sword<\/td><td>A scholarly-looking immortal with a blade<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>He Xiangu\uff08\u4f55\u4ed9\u59d1\uff0cH\u00e9 Xi\u0101ng\u016b\uff09<\/td><td>Lotus<\/td><td>The familiar female member of the group<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Lan Caihe<\/td><td>Flower basket<\/td><td>Youthful or unconventional appearance, interpreted differently in different depictions<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Han Xiangzi\uff08\u97e9\u6e58\u5b50\uff0cH\u00e1n Xi\u0101ngz\u01d0\uff09<\/td><td>Flute<\/td><td>A musician whose flute is a strong identifying marker<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Cao Guojiu\uff08\u66f9\u56fd\u8205\uff0cC\u00e1o Gu\u00f3ji\u00f9\uff09<\/td><td>Court tablet or clappers<\/td><td>Courtly dress and paired objects can distinguish him<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\">An artwork may vary the pose, dress or accessory. Chapter 48 itself includes crossing objects that differ from this familiar art vocabulary, such as a whisk for Zhongli and a flute for L\u00fc. Treating the table as a recognition aid keeps that difference visible. <sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>What Does Each Displaying Their Powers Mean?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The expanded saying, \u201cthe Eight Immortals cross the sea, each displaying their powers,\u201d is commonly used for people drawing on their own strengths in a task or competition. The supernatural language becomes an ordinary comment about ability: one person contributes technical knowledge, another organization, another persuasive speech. <sup>[4]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">It is often read as cooperation through difference. Yet the expression need not promise perfect teamwork. It can also describe individuals left to their own methods or trying to outshine one another. Context determines whether the emphasis falls on useful variety, resourcefulness or competitive display. <sup>[5]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The story gives the saying a visual logic. They face the same water, but their methods remain conspicuously different. That is more specific than a generic moral that everyone should behave alike.<\/p>\n<h2>From Separate Legends to a Shared Adventure<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The eight do not form a securely documented historical expedition. Stories about individual immortals circulated before the familiar ensemble was consolidated, and the Ming-period Journey to the East became an important literary presentation of their shared adventures. The formation of the familiar group should be distinguished from the earlier stories of its individual members. <sup>[2][5]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Their place in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/religious-daoism\/\">religious Daoism<\/a> also differs from their use as entertaining characters. The Art Institute of Chicago describes them as figures important in both religious Daoism and popular religion, whose stories spread through folklore, drama, novels and woodblock prints. The same figures can serve religious, theatrical and decorative purposes; a particular work needs to be read in its own setting. <sup>[6]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The sea crossing is one shared episode, rather than a summary of every immortal\u2019s individual path. It is also distinct from the birthday gathering of the immortals, although the two narratives can be joined in retellings. <sup>[5]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>Recognizing the Eight Immortals in Art<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">Their association with long life makes the group suitable for birthday imagery. Artists can show the figures together, distribute them across a larger work or use their attributes to suggest them without portraying all eight people. This last approach is often called the Hidden Eight Immortals. The objects function as identifying signs; their pictured powers are beliefs and story motifs, not demonstrated effects. <sup>[2][5]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">One concrete example in Taiwan\u2019s national cultural collections is Deng Gong Yunzhang\u2019s paper-cut work depicting the eight across four panels, with two figures per panel. It shows how a shared adventure can be reorganized for a particular medium rather than reproduced as one fixed scene. <sup>[7]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">When looking at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/chinese-art\/\">Chinese art<\/a>, start with the attributes, then the composition. A sea, a gathering or a birthday setting may suggest which episode is being invoked. An isolated object can help identify a figure, but the surrounding work supplies the context.<\/p>\n<h2>FAQs About the Eight Immortals<\/h2>\n<h3>Are the Eight Immortals Buddhist or Daoist?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">They belong primarily to Daoist and popular religious traditions. Their appearance in widely shared art does not make them a Buddhist group.<\/p>\n<h3>Do they all cross the sea on the same objects?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">No. The objects and assignments vary between literary versions, retellings and artworks.<\/p>\n<h3>What does the saying mean today?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">It describes people displaying different abilities in a shared situation, sometimes cooperatively and sometimes competitively.<\/p>\n<h3>Are the Eight Immortals historical people?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Their stories mix legendary and sometimes historical associations. The group\u2019s magical expedition is not a verified historical event.<\/p>\n<h2>Sources<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">[1] Wu Yuantai. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikisource.org\/wiki\/\u6771\u904a\u8a18\/\u7b2c48\u56de\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Journey to the East, Chapter 48<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[2] ChinaCulture.org. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.chinaculture.org\/gb\/en_aboutchina\/2003-09\/24\/content_25144.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Eight Immortals<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[3] Chinese International Education Foundation. <a href=\"https:\/\/ci.cn\/en\/whsc\/dcsjzt\/wgzgggw\/40f93b61-7dfe-4238-84dc-2a62dc5d290c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Eight Immortals and Their Identifying Objects<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[4] Shanghai government cultural feature. <a href=\"https:\/\/service.shanghai.gov.cn\/sheninfo\/featuredetail.aspx?Id=8b4d8c60-69c4-4c5d-97c3-e226ba9e31c9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Eight Immortals Cross the Sea by Invoking Divine Powers<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[5] David K. Jordan. <a href=\"https:\/\/pages.ucsd.edu\/~dkjordan\/chin\/chin\/bashian\/bs0Intro.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tales of the Eight Immortals<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[6] Art Institute of Chicago. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.artic.edu\/taoism\/glossary\/eight-immortals.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eight Immortals<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[7] National Cultural Memory Bank. <a href=\"https:\/\/tcmb.culture.tw\/zh-tw\/detail?id=14000049782&amp;indexCode=MOCCOLLECTIONS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Deng Gong Yunzhang\u2019s Eight Immortals Paper-Cut Work<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u516b\u4ed9\u304c\u6d77\u3092\u6e21\u308b\u7269\u8a9e\u3084\u4eba\u7269\u3092\u898b\u5206\u3051\u308b\u6301\u7269\u3001\u8a9e\u308a\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u7570\u4f1d\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u4e00\u4eba\u3072\u3068\u308a\u304c\u5f97\u610f\u6280\u3092\u767a\u63ee\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8868\u3059\u3053\u3068\u308f\u3056\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6555,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[372],"tags":[373,374,375],"class_list":["post-6554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mythology-folklore","tag-chinese-myths","tag-folk-stories","tag-hub-chinese-mythology"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta 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