{"id":14240,"date":"2026-11-11T03:31:50","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T03:31:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/?p=14240"},"modified":"2026-11-11T03:31:50","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T03:31:50","slug":"to-li-bai-at-the-ends-of-the-sky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/ja\/to-li-bai-at-the-ends-of-the-sky\/","title":{"rendered":"To Li Bai at the Ends of the Sky: Du Fu\u2019s Poem and Meaning"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"tcjdi-quick-answer\"><h2>Quick Answer: What Is To Li Bai at the Ends of the Sky About?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">To Li Bai at the Ends of the Sky (\u5929\u672b\u6000\u674e\u767d, Ti\u0101nm\u00f2 Hu\u00e1i L\u01d0 B\u00e1i) is a poem by Du Fu (\u675c\u752b, D\u00f9 F\u01d4) about his concern for the faraway Li Bai (\u674e\u767d, L\u01d0 B\u00e1i). Wind, high water and the thought of another poet give shape to his worry.<sup>[1][2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Distance:<\/strong> The speaker waits for a wild goose while rivers and lakes fill with autumn water.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Danger:<\/strong> Writing and demons seem to take sides against the traveller.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Allusion:<\/strong> The ending imagines him addressing Qu Yuan (\u5c48\u539f, Q\u016b Yu\u00e1n) through a poem offered to the Miluo River (\u6c68\u7f57\u6c5f, M\u00eclu\u00f3 Ji\u0101ng).<sup>[1][3]<\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">The poem records the worry of someone at a distance.<sup>[1][2]<\/sup> <\/p><\/section>\n<figure class=\"tcjdi-infographic\" style=\"width:500px;max-width:100%;margin:24px auto;text-align:center\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/To-Li-Bai-at-the-Ends-of-the-Sky-infographic-on-the-goose-and-Miluo-River.webp\" alt=\"To Li Bai at the Ends of the Sky infographic on the goose and Miluo River\" title=\"To Li Bai at the Ends of the Sky infographic on the goose and Miluo River\" width=\"1440\" height=\"2560\" style=\"width:500px;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:0 auto\" \/><figcaption>Du Fu\u2019s worry moves from a distant friend to the imagined offering of a poem.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">The first question is one a friend might ask in a letter. How are you doing out there? There is no reply in the poem. Instead, Du Fu gives the reader the conditions in which a message would have to travel, and ends by imagining a message sent to someone who died centuries earlier.<\/p>\n<h2>The Poem in Chinese, Pinyin and English<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">This is a regulated poem of eight five-character lines. The translation keeps the four couplets and follows the received wording. The pinyin gives a modern Mandarin reading.<sup>[1][3]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<div style=\"overflow-x:auto;max-width:100%;max-height:800px\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Chinese<\/th><th>Pinyin<\/th><th>English sense<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>\u51c9\u98ce\u8d77\u5929\u672b<\/td><td>Li\u00e1ng f\u0113ng q\u01d0 ti\u0101nm\u00f2<\/td><td>A cool wind rises at the edge of the sky.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u541b\u5b50\u610f\u5982\u4f55<\/td><td>J\u016bnz\u01d0 y\u00ec r\u00fah\u00e9<\/td><td>My good friend, what is on your mind?<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u9e3f\u96c1\u51e0\u65f6\u5230<\/td><td>H\u00f3ngy\u00e0n j\u01d0 sh\u00ed d\u00e0o<\/td><td>When will the wild goose arrive?<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6c5f\u6e56\u79cb\u6c34\u591a<\/td><td>Ji\u0101ngh\u00fa qi\u016bshu\u01d0 du\u014d<\/td><td>The rivers and lakes are full of autumn water.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6587\u7ae0\u618e\u547d\u8fbe<\/td><td>W\u00e9nzh\u0101ng z\u0113ng m\u00ecng d\u00e1<\/td><td>Fine writing seems to hate good fortune.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u9b51\u9b45\u559c\u4eba\u8fc7<\/td><td>Ch\u012bm\u00e8i x\u01d0 r\u00e9n gu\u00f2<\/td><td>The wild spirits are pleased when travellers go by.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u5e94\u5171\u51a4\u9b42\u8bed<\/td><td>Y\u012bng g\u00f2ng yu\u0101nh\u00fan y\u01d4<\/td><td>You could speak with that wronged spirit.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>\u6295\u8bd7\u8d60\u6c68\u7f57<\/td><td>T\u00f3u sh\u012b z\u00e8ng M\u00eclu\u00f3<\/td><td>Cast a poem as a gift into the Miluo.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Why the Poem Waits for a Goose<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The first couplet gives the weather before it asks how Li Bai feels. The cool wind brings on a question about Li Bai\u2019s state of mind. Then the wild goose suggests news that might cross the distance. The rising autumn waters also give the journey an unsettled quality. Du Fu has no reported letter to read aloud, so the poem gives the act of waiting a landscape.<sup>[1][3]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The poem is usually dated to autumn 759, when Du Fu was in Qinzhou. Li Bai had been sentenced to exile after his involvement with the Prince of Yong and had received a pardon on the way. Du Fu\u2019s worry has its own time and point of view. The verse gives no confirmation that his friend\u2019s fortunes have changed.<sup>[2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>The Harsh Turn from Literature to Demons<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The next couplet gives writing a verb normally used for feeling. Fine writing \u201chates\u201d a fortunate life. Beside it, spirits take pleasure when someone passes. In that pairing, neither creative talent nor the world along the route promises protection. The statement has the shape of a bitter joke about the fortunes of a writer.<sup>[1][3]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The last character of the spirit line, \u8fc7, can point to passing by or evoke a fault. The sense translation follows the traveller passing through, a reading that fits the rivers and the dangerous way. Another reading can hear the spirits as glad to catch a person in an error. In both readings the line makes danger sound eager.<sup>[3]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>Why Du Fu Ends at the Miluo River<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The closing couplet names a river and a wronged spirit. The Miluo recalls Qu Yuan, a figure associated with exile and death in that river. Du Fu imagines Li Bai talking with the spirit and offering a poem. Earlier the speaker waits for a message from a friend. Now the friend can send one to a poet of an earlier age.<sup>[1][3]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The resemblance between the writers is poetic. It connects a living friend who has faced exile with a literary figure whose story gives injustice a name. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/li-sao\/\">Li Sao<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/the-fisherman-of-the-chuci\/\">The Fisherman of the Chuci<\/a> give different views of that earlier tradition. In Li Bai\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/early-departure-from-baidi-city\/\">Early Departure from Baidi City<\/a>, water also carries a traveller, but the pace and feeling belong to another occasion.<sup>[1][2][3]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>FAQs About To Li Bai at the Ends of the Sky<\/h2>\n<h3>Was Li Bai still in exile when Du Fu wrote the poem?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Li Bai received a pardon in 759 while travelling toward exile. Du Fu\u2019s poem is generally placed in that autumn. The poem does not say what Du Fu had heard of the pardon.<sup>[1][2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h3>What form does the poem use?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">It is an eight-line regulated poem, with five Chinese characters in each line. Its four couplets move from a direct question to an imagined address to a spirit.<sup>[1][3]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>Sources<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">[1] Du Fu. <a href=\"https:\/\/zh.wikisource.org\/zh-hans\/%E5%A4%A9%E6%9C%AB%E6%80%80%E6%9D%8E%E7%99%BD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">To Li Bai at the Ends of the Sky<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[2] Shanghai Jiao Tong University. <a href=\"https:\/\/news.sjtu.edu.cn\/ztzl_syh\/20210505\/147841.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Li Bai and Du Fu<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[3] Ray Brownrigg. <a href=\"https:\/\/homepages.ecs.vuw.ac.nz\/~ray\/ChineseEssays\/TianMoHuaiLiBai.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tian Mo Huai Li Bai: Text and Translation Comparisons<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read Du Fu\u2019s poem to Li Bai in Chinese, pinyin and English. See how the wild goose, autumn waters and Miluo River express concern for a distant friend.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14241,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[414],"tags":[452,453,430],"class_list":["post-14240","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-literature-stories","tag-chinese-poetry","tag-hub-chinese-poetry","tag-literary-traditions"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Read Du Fu\u2019s poem to Li Bai in Chinese, pinyin and English. 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