{"id":19121,"date":"2026-11-13T02:27:06","date_gmt":"2026-11-13T02:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/?p=19121"},"modified":"2026-11-13T02:27:06","modified_gmt":"2026-11-13T02:27:06","slug":"yunluo-cloud-gongs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/id\/yunluo-cloud-gongs\/","title":{"rendered":"Yunluo Cloud Gongs: How Tuned Chinese Gongs Are Played"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"tcjdi-quick-answer\"><h2>Quick Answer: What Are Yunluo Cloud Gongs?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The yunluo (\u4e91\u9523, y\u00fanlu\u00f3), or cloud gongs, is a Chinese percussion instrument made of small tuned gongs suspended in a frame. A player strikes different gongs to change pitch.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Material:<\/strong> The bronze gongs themselves vibrate when struck.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/li>\n<li><strong>Arrangement:<\/strong> A traditional rack can hold ten gongs, each hung separately.<sup>[2]<\/sup> <\/li>\n<li><strong>Range:<\/strong> Some modern orchestral sets have many more pitches.<sup>[5]<\/sup> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p1\">Read the collection label or score to learn the count and tuning of the set you are looking at.<\/p><\/section>\n<figure class=\"tcjdi-infographic\" style=\"width:500px;max-width:100%;margin:24px auto;text-align:center\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/Yunluo-guide-to-tuned-gongs-the-rack-temple-music-and-orchestra.webp\" alt=\"Yunluo guide to tuned gongs the rack temple music and orchestra\" title=\"Yunluo guide to tuned gongs the rack temple music and orchestra\" width=\"1440\" height=\"2560\" style=\"width:500px;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:0 auto\" \/><figcaption>Yunluo guide to tuned gongs the rack temple music and orchestra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p1\">Cloud gongs share one rack, but the player can move from one note to another by striking a different disc. A photograph helps you see where the gongs hang. A recording reveals the part those notes play in an ensemble.<\/p>\n<h2>Why the Gongs Give Different Notes<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The Met\u2019s nineteenth-century yunluo consists of ten tuned bronze gongs. Their thicknesses differ, allowing discs that look similar across the rack to give different pitches. A small mallet sets each disc vibrating.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The resonating material distinguishes cloud gongs from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/tanggu-drum\/\">tanggu drum<\/a>, which sounds when its stretched head is struck. When listening to a percussion group, hear how the metal ring out after each hit. Compare the pitch with that of the next disc the player strikes.<\/p>\n<h2>Read the Rack Before the Tuning<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The <em>Draft History of Qing<\/em> describes a court rack with three columns: four gongs in the center and three on either side. The extra center gong projects above the nine below it. The gongs hang on cords, and the text describes their order by thickness. It is one documented <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/qing-dynasty\/\">Qing dynasty<\/a> arrangement.<sup>[2]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The late nineteenth-century writer J. A. Van Aalst noted differences in pitch between sets. Even in a rack that matches a familiar outline, the exact notes depend on its tuning. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/paixiao\/\">paixiao panpipes<\/a>, the length of each pipe can help explain pitch. On a yunluo, the thickness difference can be hard to see from the front.<sup>[6]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>Hear the Gongs in Temple Music<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The Smithsonian\u2019s recorded Zhihua Temple (\u667a\u5316\u5bfa, Zh\u00echu\u00e0 S\u00ec) ensemble names Cai Zhenqi on yunluo. In the same performance, a drum and cymbals accompany the flute, double-reed pipe and sheng mouth organ. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/sheng-vs-yu\/\">sheng and yu guide<\/a> explains the shared-chamber winds in that family.<sup>[3][4]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Use the program to identify the percussion, then listen for a ringing note with a distinct pitch among the sustained wind sounds. The Smithsonian lists the opening of \u201cZhong-Tang Qu\u201d as the first section of the recording, a place to start hearing the ensemble together.<sup>[3]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>How the Orchestral Set Changed<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">The Met describes expanded sets with 24 or more gongs and two mallets in the twentieth century. The Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra\u2019s range table lists 37 gongs spaced in semitones for one orchestral setup. A wider array gives a composer more pitches to use within the percussion section.<sup>[1][5]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">The name yunluo covers small racks and expanded orchestral sets among <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinaculturepro.com\/chinese-musical-instruments\/\">Chinese musical instruments<\/a>. Look for the kind of ensemble or a stated range to see which layout a program has in mind.<\/p>\n<h2>FAQs About Yunluo Cloud Gongs<\/h2>\n<h3>How many gongs does a yunluo have?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">The nineteenth-century Met example has ten. The Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra documents an expanded 37-gong set.<sup>[1][5]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h3>Can cloud gongs play a melody?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Yes. The gongs have distinct pitches, so the player can make a sequence of notes by striking different gongs.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h3>Are yunluo and tanggu both drums?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Yunluo consists of pitched bronze gongs. Tanggu is a drum with a stretched head.<sup>[1]<\/sup> <\/p>\n<h2>Sources<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\">[1] The Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metmuseum.org\/art\/collection\/search\/500593\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yunluo, Cloud Gong, 89.4.15a<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[2] Chinese Text Project. <a href=\"https:\/\/ctext.org\/wiki.pl?chapter=415808&amp;if=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Draft History of Qing, Treatise 76<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[3] Smithsonian National Museum of Asian Art. <a href=\"https:\/\/asia-archive.si.edu\/podcast\/buddhist-music-from-zhihua-temple\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Buddhist Music from Zhihua Temple<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[4] Beijing Municipal Government. <a href=\"https:\/\/english.beijing.gov.cn\/latest\/news\/202512\/P020251203371727887894.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Heritage Renewed, Values Shared: Jing Music of Zhihua Temple<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[5] Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hkco.org\/uploads\/docs\/56011001d28aa1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Instrumentation and Range Table<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">[6] J. A. Van Aalst. <a href=\"https:\/\/s9.imslp.org\/files\/imglnks\/usimg\/2\/23\/IMSLP270321-PMLP437898-ChineseMusic_VanAalst_98pgs_ChineseMusic_993.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chinese Music: Yun-lo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn how yunluo cloud gongs produce a range of pitches, how to read a Qing gong rack, and what to listen for in temple music and modern Chinese orchestras.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[403],"tags":[404,408,391],"class_list":["post-19121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-music-performance","tag-chinese-music","tag-hub-chinese-traditional-music","tag-material-culture"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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